clone

make a copy of an existing repository:

hg clone [OPTION]... SOURCE [DEST]

Create a copy of an existing repository in a new directory.

If no destination directory name is specified, it defaults to the basename of the source.

The location of the source is added to the new repository's .hg/hgrc file, as the default to be used for future pulls.

Only local paths and ssh:// URLs are supported as destinations. For ssh:// destinations, no working directory or .hg/hgrc will be created on the remote side.

If the source repository has a bookmark called '@' set, that revision will be checked out in the new repository by default.

To check out a particular version, use -u/--update, or -U/--noupdate to create a clone with no working directory.

To pull only a subset of changesets, specify one or more revisions identifiers with -r/--rev or branches with -b/--branch. The resulting clone will contain only the specified changesets and their ancestors. These options (or 'clone src#rev dest') imply --pull, even for local source repositories.

In normal clone mode, the remote normalizes repository data into a common exchange format and the receiving end translates this data into its local storage format. --stream activates a different clone mode that essentially copies repository files from the remote with minimal data processing. This significantly reduces the CPU cost of a clone both remotely and locally. However, it often increases the transferred data size by 30-40%. This can result in substantially faster clones where I/O throughput is plentiful, especially for larger repositories. A side-effect of --stream clones is that storage settings and requirements on the remote are applied locally: a modern client may inherit legacy or inefficient storage used by the remote or a legacy Mercurial client may not be able to clone from a modern Mercurial remote.

See hg help urls for details on specifying URLs.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

init

create a new repository in the given directory:

hg init [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [DEST]

Initialize a new repository in the given directory. If the given directory does not exist, it will be created.

If no directory is given, the current directory is used.

It is possible to specify an ssh:// URL as the destination. See hg help urls for more information.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

incoming

show new changesets found in source:

hg incoming [-p] [-n] [-M] [-f] [-r REV]... [--bundle FILENAME] [SOURCE]

Show new changesets found in the specified path/URL or the default pull location. These are the changesets that would have been pulled by hg pull at the time you issued this command.

See pull for valid source format details.

BM1               01234567890a added
BM2               1234567890ab advanced
BM3               234567890abc diverged
BM4               34567890abcd changed

Returns 0 if there are incoming changes, 1 otherwise.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: in

outgoing

show changesets not found in the destination:

hg outgoing [-M] [-p] [-n] [-f] [-r REV]... [DEST]

Show changesets not found in the specified destination repository or the default push location. These are the changesets that would be pushed if a push was requested.

See pull for details of valid destination formats.

BM1               01234567890a added
BM2                            deleted
BM3               234567890abc advanced
BM4               34567890abcd diverged
BM5               4567890abcde changed

Returns 0 if there are outgoing changes, 1 otherwise.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: out

paths

show aliases for remote repositories:

hg paths [NAME]

Show definition of symbolic path name NAME. If no name is given, show definition of all available names.

Option -q/--quiet suppresses all output when searching for NAME and shows only the path names when listing all definitions.

Path names are defined in the [paths] section of your configuration file and in /etc/mercurial/hgrc. If run inside a repository, .hg/hgrc is used, too.

The path names default and default-push have a special meaning. When performing a push or pull operation, they are used as fallbacks if no location is specified on the command-line. When default-push is set, it will be used for push and default will be used for pull; otherwise default is used as the fallback for both. When cloning a repository, the clone source is written as default in .hg/hgrc.

See hg help urls for more information.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

pull

pull changes from the specified source:

hg pull [-u] [-f] [-r REV]... [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [SOURCE]

Pull changes from a remote repository to a local one.

This finds all changes from the repository at the specified path or URL and adds them to a local repository (the current one unless -R is specified). By default, this does not update the copy of the project in the working directory.

When cloning from servers that support it, Mercurial may fetch pre-generated data. When this is done, hooks operating on incoming changesets and changegroups may fire more than once, once for each pre-generated bundle and as well as for any additional remaining data. See hg help -e clonebundles for more.

Use hg incoming if you want to see what would have been added by a pull at the time you issued this command. If you then decide to add those changes to the repository, you should use hg pull -r X where X is the last changeset listed by hg incoming.

If SOURCE is omitted, the 'default' path will be used. See hg help urls for more information.

Specifying bookmark as . is equivalent to specifying the active bookmark's name.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if an update had unresolved files.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

push

push changes to the specified destination:

hg push [-f] [-r REV]... [-e CMD] [--remotecmd CMD] [DEST]

Push changesets from the local repository to the specified destination.

This operation is symmetrical to pull: it is identical to a pull in the destination repository from the current one.

By default, push will not allow creation of new heads at the destination, since multiple heads would make it unclear which head to use. In this situation, it is recommended to pull and merge before pushing.

Use --new-branch if you want to allow push to create a new named branch that is not present at the destination. This allows you to only create a new branch without forcing other changes.

If -r/--rev is used, the specified revision and all its ancestors will be pushed to the remote repository.

If -B/--bookmark is used, the specified bookmarked revision, its ancestors, and the bookmark will be pushed to the remote repository. Specifying . is equivalent to specifying the active bookmark's name.

Please see hg help urls for important details about ssh:// URLs. If DESTINATION is omitted, a default path will be used.

[push]
pushvars.server = true

Returns 0 if push was successful, 1 if nothing to push.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

serve

start stand-alone webserver:

hg serve [OPTION]...

Start a local HTTP repository browser and pull server. You can use this for ad-hoc sharing and browsing of repositories. It is recommended to use a real web server to serve a repository for longer periods of time.

Please note that the server does not implement access control. This means that, by default, anybody can read from the server and nobody can write to it by default. Set the web.allow-push option to * to allow everybody to push to the server. You should use a real web server if you need to authenticate users.

By default, the server logs accesses to stdout and errors to stderr. Use the -A/--accesslog and -E/--errorlog options to log to files.

To have the server choose a free port number to listen on, specify a port number of 0; in this case, the server will print the port number it uses.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

commit

commit the specified files or all outstanding changes:

hg commit [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Commit changes to the given files into the repository. Unlike a centralized SCM, this operation is a local operation. See hg push for a way to actively distribute your changes.

If a list of files is omitted, all changes reported by hg status will be committed.

If you are committing the result of a merge, do not provide any filenames or -I/-X filters.

If no commit message is specified, Mercurial starts your configured editor where you can enter a message. In case your commit fails, you will find a backup of your message in .hg/last-message.txt.

The --close-branch flag can be used to mark the current branch head closed. When all heads of a branch are closed, the branch will be considered closed and no longer listed.

The --amend flag can be used to amend the parent of the working directory with a new commit that contains the changes in the parent in addition to those currently reported by hg status, if there are any. The old commit is stored in a backup bundle in .hg/strip-backup (see hg help bundle and hg help unbundle on how to restore it).

Message, user and date are taken from the amended commit unless specified. When a message isn't specified on the command line, the editor will open with the message of the amended commit.

It is not possible to amend public changesets (see hg help phases) or changesets that have children.

See hg help dates for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if nothing changed.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: ci

backout

reverse effect of earlier changeset:

hg backout [OPTION]... [-r] REV

Prepare a new changeset with the effect of REV undone in the current working directory. If no conflicts were encountered, it will be committed immediately.

If REV is the parent of the working directory, then this new changeset is committed automatically (unless --no-commit is specified).

See hg help dates for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

See hg help revert for a way to restore files to the state of another revision.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if nothing to backout or there are unresolved files.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

graft

copy changes from other branches onto the current branch:

hg graft [OPTION]... [-r REV]... REV...

This command uses Mercurial's merge logic to copy individual changes from other branches without merging branches in the history graph. This is sometimes known as 'backporting' or 'cherry-picking'. By default, graft will copy user, date, and description from the source changesets.

Changesets that are ancestors of the current revision, that have already been grafted, or that are merges will be skipped.

If --log is specified, log messages will have a comment appended of the form:

(grafted from CHANGESETHASH)

If --force is specified, revisions will be grafted even if they are already ancestors of, or have been grafted to, the destination. This is useful when the revisions have since been backed out.

If a graft merge results in conflicts, the graft process is interrupted so that the current merge can be manually resolved. Once all conflicts are addressed, the graft process can be continued with the -c/--continue option.

The -c/--continue option reapplies all the earlier options.

hg graft -r 345 --base 234

hg diff -r 234 -r 345 | hg import

See hg help revisions for more about specifying revisions.

Returns 0 on successful completion.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

merge

merge another revision into working directory:

hg merge [-P] [[-r] REV]

The current working directory is updated with all changes made in the requested revision since the last common predecessor revision.

Files that changed between either parent are marked as changed for the next commit and a commit must be performed before any further updates to the repository are allowed. The next commit will have two parents.

--tool can be used to specify the merge tool used for file merges. It overrides the HGMERGE environment variable and your configuration files. See hg help merge-tools for options.

If no revision is specified, the working directory's parent is a head revision, and the current branch contains exactly one other head, the other head is merged with by default. Otherwise, an explicit revision with which to merge with must be provided.

See hg help resolve for information on handling file conflicts.

To undo an uncommitted merge, use hg merge --abort which will check out a clean copy of the original merge parent, losing all changes.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if there are unresolved files.

Options:

bookmarks

create a new bookmark or list existing bookmarks:

hg bookmarks [OPTIONS]... [NAME]...

Bookmarks are labels on changesets to help track lines of development. Bookmarks are unversioned and can be moved, renamed and deleted. Deleting or moving a bookmark has no effect on the associated changesets.

Creating or updating to a bookmark causes it to be marked as 'active'. The active bookmark is indicated with a '*'. When a commit is made, the active bookmark will advance to the new commit. A plain hg update will also advance an active bookmark, if possible. Updating away from a bookmark will cause it to be deactivated.

Bookmarks can be pushed and pulled between repositories (see hg help push and hg help pull). If a shared bookmark has diverged, a new 'divergent bookmark' of the form 'name@path' will be created. Using hg merge will resolve the divergence.

Specifying bookmark as '.' to -m/-d/-l options is equivalent to specifying the active bookmark's name.

A bookmark named '@' has the special property that hg clone will check it out by default if it exists.

Options:

branch

set or show the current branch name:

hg branch [-fC] [NAME]

With no argument, show the current branch name. With one argument, set the working directory branch name (the branch will not exist in the repository until the next commit). Standard practice recommends that primary development take place on the 'default' branch.

Unless -f/--force is specified, branch will not let you set a branch name that already exists.

Use -C/--clean to reset the working directory branch to that of the parent of the working directory, negating a previous branch change.

Use the command hg update to switch to an existing branch. Use hg commit --close-branch to mark this branch head as closed. When all heads of a branch are closed, the branch will be considered closed.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

branches

list repository named branches:

hg branches [-c]

List the repository's named branches, indicating which ones are inactive. If -c/--closed is specified, also list branches which have been marked closed (see hg commit --close-branch).

Use the command hg update to switch to an existing branch.

Returns 0.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

phase

set or show the current phase name:

hg phase [-p|-d|-s] [-f] [-r] [REV...]

With no argument, show the phase name of the current revision(s).

With one of -p/--public, -d/--draft or -s/--secret, change the phase value of the specified revisions.

Unless -f/--force is specified, hg phase won't move changesets from a lower phase to a higher phase. Phases are ordered as follows:

public < draft < secret

Returns 0 on success, 1 if some phases could not be changed.

(For more information about the phases concept, see hg help phases.)

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

tag

add one or more tags for the current or given revision:

hg tag [-f] [-l] [-m TEXT] [-d DATE] [-u USER] [-r REV] NAME...

Name a particular revision using <name>.

Tags are used to name particular revisions of the repository and are very useful to compare different revisions, to go back to significant earlier versions or to mark branch points as releases, etc. Changing an existing tag is normally disallowed; use -f/--force to override.

If no revision is given, the parent of the working directory is used.

To facilitate version control, distribution, and merging of tags, they are stored as a file named ".hgtags" which is managed similarly to other project files and can be hand-edited if necessary. This also means that tagging creates a new commit. The file ".hg/localtags" is used for local tags (not shared among repositories).

Tag commits are usually made at the head of a branch. If the parent of the working directory is not a branch head, hg tag aborts; use -f/--force to force the tag commit to be based on a non-head changeset.

See hg help dates for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

Since tag names have priority over branch names during revision lookup, using an existing branch name as a tag name is discouraged.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

tags

list repository tags:

hg tags

This lists both regular and local tags. When the -v/--verbose switch is used, a third column "local" is printed for local tags. When the -q/--quiet switch is used, only the tag name is printed.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

annotate

show changeset information by line for each file:

hg annotate [-r REV] [-f] [-a] [-u] [-d] [-n] [-c] [-l] FILE...

List changes in files, showing the revision id responsible for each line.

This command is useful for discovering when a change was made and by whom.

If you include --file, --user, or --date, the revision number is suppressed unless you also include --number.

Without the -a/--text option, annotate will avoid processing files it detects as binary. With -a, annotate will annotate the file anyway, although the results will probably be neither useful nor desirable.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: blame

cat

output the current or given revision of files:

hg cat [OPTION]... FILE...

Print the specified files as they were at the given revision. If no revision is given, the parent of the working directory is used.

Output may be to a file, in which case the name of the file is given using a template string. See hg help templates. In addition to the common template keywords, the following formatting rules are supported:

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

copy

mark files as copied for the next commit:

hg copy [OPTION]... [SOURCE]... DEST

Mark dest as having copies of source files. If dest is a directory, copies are put in that directory. If dest is a file, the source must be a single file.

By default, this command copies the contents of files as they exist in the working directory. If invoked with -A/--after, the operation is recorded, but no copying is performed.

This command takes effect with the next commit. To undo a copy before that, see hg revert.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if errors are encountered.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: cp

diff

diff repository (or selected files):

hg diff [OPTION]... ([-c REV] | [-r REV1 [-r REV2]]) [FILE]...

Show differences between revisions for the specified files.

Differences between files are shown using the unified diff format.

When two revision arguments are given, then changes are shown between those revisions. If only one revision is specified then that revision is compared to the working directory, and, when no revisions are specified, the working directory files are compared to its first parent.

Alternatively you can specify -c/--change with a revision to see the changes in that changeset relative to its first parent.

Without the -a/--text option, diff will avoid generating diffs of files it detects as binary. With -a, diff will generate a diff anyway, probably with undesirable results.

Use the -g/--git option to generate diffs in the git extended diff format. For more information, read hg help diffs.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

grep

search revision history for a pattern in specified files:

hg grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]...

Search revision history for a regular expression in the specified files or the entire project.

By default, grep prints the most recent revision number for each file in which it finds a match. To get it to print every revision that contains a change in match status ("-" for a match that becomes a non-match, or "+" for a non-match that becomes a match), use the --diff flag.

PATTERN can be any Python (roughly Perl-compatible) regular expression.

If no FILEs are specified (and -f/--follow isn't set), all files in the repository are searched, including those that don't exist in the current branch or have been deleted in a prior changeset.

Returns 0 if a match is found, 1 otherwise.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

bisect

subdivision search of changesets:

hg bisect [-gbsr] [-U] [-c CMD] [REV]

This command helps to find changesets which introduce problems. To use, mark the earliest changeset you know exhibits the problem as bad, then mark the latest changeset which is free from the problem as good. Bisect will update your working directory to a revision for testing (unless the -U/--noupdate option is specified). Once you have performed tests, mark the working directory as good or bad, and bisect will either update to another candidate changeset or announce that it has found the bad revision.

As a shortcut, you can also use the revision argument to mark a revision as good or bad without checking it out first.

If you supply a command, it will be used for automatic bisection. The environment variable HG_NODE will contain the ID of the changeset being tested. The exit status of the command will be used to mark revisions as good or bad: status 0 means good, 125 means to skip the revision, 127 (command not found) will abort the bisection, and any other non-zero exit status means the revision is bad.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

heads

show branch heads:

hg heads [-ct] [-r STARTREV] [REV]...

With no arguments, show all open branch heads in the repository. Branch heads are changesets that have no descendants on the same branch. They are where development generally takes place and are the usual targets for update and merge operations.

If one or more REVs are given, only open branch heads on the branches associated with the specified changesets are shown. This means that you can use hg heads . to see the heads on the currently checked-out branch.

If -c/--closed is specified, also show branch heads marked closed (see hg commit --close-branch).

If STARTREV is specified, only those heads that are descendants of STARTREV will be displayed.

If -t/--topo is specified, named branch mechanics will be ignored and only topological heads (changesets with no children) will be shown.

Returns 0 if matching heads are found, 1 if not.

Options:

identify

identify the working directory or specified revision:

hg identify [-nibtB] [-r REV] [SOURCE]

Print a summary identifying the repository state at REV using one or two parent hash identifiers, followed by a "+" if the working directory has uncommitted changes, the branch name (if not default), a list of tags, and a list of bookmarks.

When REV is not given, print a summary of the current state of the repository including the working directory. Specify -r. to get information of the working directory parent without scanning uncommitted changes.

Specifying a path to a repository root or Mercurial bundle will cause lookup to operate on that repository/bundle.

See hg log for generating more information about specific revisions, including full hash identifiers.

Returns 0 if successful.

Options:

log

show revision history of entire repository or files:

hg log [OPTION]... [FILE]

Print the revision history of the specified files or the entire project.

If no revision range is specified, the default is tip:0 unless --follow is set, in which case the working directory parent is used as the starting revision.

File history is shown without following rename or copy history of files. Use -f/--follow with a filename to follow history across renames and copies. --follow without a filename will only show ancestors of the starting revision.

By default this command prints revision number and changeset id, tags, non-trivial parents, user, date and time, and a summary for each commit. When the -v/--verbose switch is used, the list of changed files and full commit message are shown.

With --graph the revisions are shown as an ASCII art DAG with the most recent changeset at the top. 'o' is a changeset, '@' is a working directory parent, '_' closes a branch, 'x' is obsolete, '*' is unstable, and '+' represents a fork where the changeset from the lines below is a parent of the 'o' merge on the same line. Paths in the DAG are represented with '|', '/' and so forth. ':' in place of a '|' indicates one or more revisions in a path are omitted.

See hg help dates for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

See hg help revisions for more about specifying and ordering revisions.

See hg help templates for more about pre-packaged styles and specifying custom templates. The default template used by the log command can be customized via the ui.logtemplate configuration setting.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: history

parents

show the parents of the working directory or revision (DEPRECATED):

hg parents [-r REV] [FILE]

Print the working directory's parent revisions. If a revision is given via -r/--rev, the parent of that revision will be printed. If a file argument is given, the revision in which the file was last changed (before the working directory revision or the argument to --rev if given) is printed.

This command is equivalent to:

hg log -r "p1()+p2()" or
hg log -r "p1(REV)+p2(REV)" or
hg log -r "max(::p1() and file(FILE))+max(::p2() and file(FILE))" or
hg log -r "max(::p1(REV) and file(FILE))+max(::p2(REV) and file(FILE))"

See hg summary and hg help revsets for related information.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

tip

show the tip revision (DEPRECATED):

hg tip [-p] [-g]

The tip revision (usually just called the tip) is the changeset most recently added to the repository (and therefore the most recently changed head).

If you have just made a commit, that commit will be the tip. If you have just pulled changes from another repository, the tip of that repository becomes the current tip. The "tip" tag is special and cannot be renamed or assigned to a different changeset.

This command is deprecated, please use hg heads instead.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

add

add the specified files on the next commit:

hg add [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Schedule files to be version controlled and added to the repository.

The files will be added to the repository at the next commit. To undo an add before that, see hg forget.

If no names are given, add all files to the repository (except files matching .hgignore).

Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

addremove

add all new files, delete all missing files:

hg addremove [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Add all new files and remove all missing files from the repository.

Unless names are given, new files are ignored if they match any of the patterns in .hgignore. As with add, these changes take effect at the next commit.

Use the -s/--similarity option to detect renamed files. This option takes a percentage between 0 (disabled) and 100 (files must be identical) as its parameter. With a parameter greater than 0, this compares every removed file with every added file and records those similar enough as renames. Detecting renamed files this way can be expensive. After using this option, hg status -C can be used to check which files were identified as moved or renamed. If not specified, -s/--similarity defaults to 100 and only renames of identical files are detected.

Returns 0 if all files are successfully added.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

files

list tracked files:

hg files [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Print files under Mercurial control in the working directory or specified revision for given files (excluding removed files). Files can be specified as filenames or filesets.

If no files are given to match, this command prints the names of all files under Mercurial control.

See hg help patterns and hg help filesets for more information on specifying file patterns.

Returns 0 if a match is found, 1 otherwise.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

forget

forget the specified files on the next commit:

hg forget [OPTION]... FILE...

Mark the specified files so they will no longer be tracked after the next commit.

This only removes files from the current branch, not from the entire project history, and it does not delete them from the working directory.

To delete the file from the working directory, see hg remove.

To undo a forget before the next commit, see hg add.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

locate

locate files matching specific patterns (DEPRECATED):

hg locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]...

Print files under Mercurial control in the working directory whose names match the given patterns.

By default, this command searches all directories in the working directory. To search just the current directory and its subdirectories, use "--include .".

If no patterns are given to match, this command prints the names of all files under Mercurial control in the working directory.

If you want to feed the output of this command into the "xargs" command, use the -0 option to both this command and "xargs". This will avoid the problem of "xargs" treating single filenames that contain whitespace as multiple filenames.

See hg help files for a more versatile command.

Returns 0 if a match is found, 1 otherwise.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

remove

remove the specified files on the next commit:

hg remove [OPTION]... FILE...

Schedule the indicated files for removal from the current branch.

This command schedules the files to be removed at the next commit. To undo a remove before that, see hg revert. To undo added files, see hg forget.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if any warnings encountered.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: rm

rename

rename files; equivalent of copy + remove:

hg rename [OPTION]... SOURCE... DEST

Mark dest as copies of sources; mark sources for deletion. If dest is a directory, copies are put in that directory. If dest is a file, there can only be one source.

By default, this command copies the contents of files as they exist in the working directory. If invoked with -A/--after, the operation is recorded, but no copying is performed.

This command takes effect at the next commit. To undo a rename before that, see hg revert.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if errors are encountered.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: move mv

resolve

redo merges or set/view the merge status of files:

hg resolve [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Merges with unresolved conflicts are often the result of non-interactive merging using the internal:merge configuration setting, or a command-line merge tool like diff3. The resolve command is used to manage the files involved in a merge, after hg merge has been run, and before hg commit is run (i.e. the working directory must have two parents). See hg help merge-tools for information on configuring merge tools.

The resolve command can be used in the following ways:

• hg resolve [--re-merge] [--tool TOOL] FILE...: attempt to re-merge the specified files, discarding any previous merge attempts. Re-merging is not performed for files already marked as resolved. Use --all/-a to select all unresolved files. --tool can be used to specify the merge tool used for the given files. It overrides the HGMERGE environment variable and your configuration files. Previous file contents are saved with a .orig suffix.
• hg resolve -m [FILE]: mark a file as having been resolved (e.g. after having manually fixed-up the files). The default is to mark all unresolved files.
• hg resolve -u [FILE]...: mark a file as unresolved. The default is to mark all resolved files.
• hg resolve -l: list files which had or still have conflicts. In the printed list, U = unresolved and R = resolved. You can use set:unresolved() or set:resolved() to filter the list. See hg help filesets for details.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if any files fail a resolve attempt.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

revert

restore files to their checkout state:

hg revert [OPTION]... [-r REV] [NAME]...

With no revision specified, revert the specified files or directories to the contents they had in the parent of the working directory. This restores the contents of files to an unmodified state and unschedules adds, removes, copies, and renames. If the working directory has two parents, you must explicitly specify a revision.

Using the -r/--rev or -d/--date options, revert the given files or directories to their states as of a specific revision. Because revert does not change the working directory parents, this will cause these files to appear modified. This can be helpful to "back out" some or all of an earlier change. See hg backout for a related method.

Modified files are saved with a .orig suffix before reverting. To disable these backups, use --no-backup. It is possible to store the backup files in a custom directory relative to the root of the repository by setting the ui.origbackuppath configuration option.

See hg help dates for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

See hg help backout for a way to reverse the effect of an earlier changeset.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

root

print the root (top) of the current working directory:

hg root

Print the root directory of the current repository.

Returns 0 on success.

status

show changed files in the working directory:

hg status [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Show status of files in the repository. If names are given, only files that match are shown. Files that are clean or ignored or the source of a copy/move operation, are not listed unless -c/--clean, -i/--ignored, -C/--copies or -A/--all are given. Unless options described with "show only ..." are given, the options -mardu are used.

Option -q/--quiet hides untracked (unknown and ignored) files unless explicitly requested with -u/--unknown or -i/--ignored.

If one revision is given, it is used as the base revision. If two revisions are given, the differences between them are shown. The --change option can also be used as a shortcut to list the changed files of a revision from its first parent.

The codes used to show the status of files are:

M = modified
A = added
R = removed
C = clean
! = missing (deleted by non-hg command, but still tracked)
? = not tracked
I = ignored
  = origin of the previous file (with --copies)

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

aliases: st

summary

summarize working directory state:

hg summary [--remote]

This generates a brief summary of the working directory state, including parents, branch, commit status, phase and available updates.

With the --remote option, this will check the default paths for incoming and outgoing changes. This can be time-consuming.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

update

update working directory (or switch revisions):

hg update [-C|-c|-m] [-d DATE] [[-r] REV]

Update the repository's working directory to the specified changeset. If no changeset is specified, update to the tip of the current named branch and move the active bookmark (see hg help bookmarks).

Update sets the working directory's parent revision to the specified changeset (see hg help parents).

If the changeset is not a descendant or ancestor of the working directory's parent and there are uncommitted changes, the update is aborted. With the -c/--check option, the working directory is checked for uncommitted changes; if none are found, the working directory is updated to the specified changeset.

To cancel an uncommitted merge (and lose your changes), use hg merge --abort.

Use null as the changeset to remove the working directory (like hg clone -U).

If you want to revert just one file to an older revision, use hg revert [-r REV] NAME.

See hg help dates for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if there are unresolved files.

Options:

archive

create an unversioned archive of a repository revision:

hg archive [OPTION]... DEST

By default, the revision used is the parent of the working directory; use -r/--rev to specify a different revision.

The archive type is automatically detected based on file extension (to override, use -t/--type).

Valid types are:

The exact name of the destination archive or directory is given using a format string; see hg help export for details.

Each member added to an archive file has a directory prefix prepended. Use -p/--prefix to specify a format string for the prefix. The default is the basename of the archive, with suffixes removed.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

bundle

create a bundle file:

hg bundle [-f] [-t BUNDLESPEC] [-a] [-r REV]... [--base REV]... FILE [DEST]

Generate a bundle file containing data to be transferred to another repository.

To create a bundle containing all changesets, use -a/--all (or --base null). Otherwise, hg assumes the destination will have all the nodes you specify with --base parameters. Otherwise, hg will assume the repository has all the nodes in destination, or default-push/default if no destination is specified, where destination is the repository you provide through DEST option.

You can change bundle format with the -t/--type option. See hg help bundlespec for documentation on this format. By default, the most appropriate format is used and compression defaults to bzip2.

The bundle file can then be transferred using conventional means and applied to another repository with the unbundle or pull command. This is useful when direct push and pull are not available or when exporting an entire repository is undesirable.

Applying bundles preserves all changeset contents including permissions, copy/rename information, and revision history.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if no changes found.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

export

dump the header and diffs for one or more changesets:

hg export [OPTION]... [-o OUTFILESPEC] [-r] [REV]...

Print the changeset header and diffs for one or more revisions. If no revision is given, the parent of the working directory is used.

The information shown in the changeset header is: author, date, branch name (if non-default), changeset hash, parent(s) and commit comment.

Output may be to a file, in which case the name of the file is given using a template string. See hg help templates. In addition to the common template keywords, the following formatting rules are supported:

Without the -a/--text option, export will avoid generating diffs of files it detects as binary. With -a, export will generate a diff anyway, probably with undesirable results.

With -B/--bookmark changesets reachable by the given bookmark are selected.

Use the -g/--git option to generate diffs in the git extended diff format. See hg help diffs for more information.

With the --switch-parent option, the diff will be against the second parent. It can be useful to review a merge.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

import

import an ordered set of patches:

hg import [OPTION]... PATCH...

Import a list of patches and commit them individually (unless --no-commit is specified).

To read a patch from standard input (stdin), use "-" as the patch name. If a URL is specified, the patch will be downloaded from there.

Import first applies changes to the working directory (unless --bypass is specified), import will abort if there are outstanding changes.

Use --bypass to apply and commit patches directly to the repository, without affecting the working directory. Without --exact, patches will be applied on top of the working directory parent revision.

You can import a patch straight from a mail message. Even patches as attachments work (to use the body part, it must have type text/plain or text/x-patch). From and Subject headers of email message are used as default committer and commit message. All text/plain body parts before first diff are added to the commit message.

If the imported patch was generated by hg export, user and description from patch override values from message headers and body. Values given on command line with -m/--message and -u/--user override these.

If --exact is specified, import will set the working directory to the parent of each patch before applying it, and will abort if the resulting changeset has a different ID than the one recorded in the patch. This will guard against various ways that portable patch formats and mail systems might fail to transfer Mercurial data or metadata. See hg bundle for lossless transmission.

Use --partial to ensure a changeset will be created from the patch even if some hunks fail to apply. Hunks that fail to apply will be written to a <target-file>.rej file. Conflicts can then be resolved by hand before hg commit --amend is run to update the created changeset. This flag exists to let people import patches that partially apply without losing the associated metadata (author, date, description, ...).

With -s/--similarity, hg will attempt to discover renames and copies in the patch in the same way as hg addremove.

It is possible to use external patch programs to perform the patch by setting the ui.patch configuration option. For the default internal tool, the fuzz can also be configured via patch.fuzz. See hg help config for more information about configuration files and how to use these options.

See hg help dates for a list of formats valid for -d/--date.

Returns 0 on success, 1 on partial success (see --partial).

Options:

unbundle

apply one or more bundle files:

hg unbundle [-u] FILE...

Apply one or more bundle files generated by hg bundle.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if an update has unresolved files.

Options:

manifest

output the current or given revision of the project manifest:

hg manifest [-r REV]

Print a list of version controlled files for the given revision. If no revision is given, the first parent of the working directory is used, or the null revision if no revision is checked out.

With -v, print file permissions, symlink and executable bits. With --debug, print file revision hashes.

If option --all is specified, the list of all files from all revisions is printed. This includes deleted and renamed files.

Returns 0 on success.

Options:

recover

roll back an interrupted transaction:

hg recover

Recover from an interrupted commit or pull.

This command tries to fix the repository status after an interrupted operation. It should only be necessary when Mercurial suggests it.

Returns 0 if successful, 1 if nothing to recover or verify fails.

rollback

roll back the last transaction (DANGEROUS) (DEPRECATED):

hg rollback

Please use hg commit --amend instead of rollback to correct mistakes in the last commit.

This command should be used with care. There is only one level of rollback, and there is no way to undo a rollback. It will also restore the dirstate at the time of the last transaction, losing any dirstate changes since that time. This command does not alter the working directory.

Transactions are used to encapsulate the effects of all commands that create new changesets or propagate existing changesets into a repository.

This command is not intended for use on public repositories. Once changes are visible for pull by other users, rolling a transaction back locally is ineffective (someone else may already have pulled the changes). Furthermore, a race is possible with readers of the repository; for example an in-progress pull from the repository may fail if a rollback is performed.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if no rollback data is available.

Options:

verify

verify the integrity of the repository:

hg verify

Verify the integrity of the current repository.

This will perform an extensive check of the repository's integrity, validating the hashes and checksums of each entry in the changelog, manifest, and tracked files, as well as the integrity of their crosslinks and indices.

Please see https://mercurial-scm.org/wiki/RepositoryCorruption for more information about recovery from corruption of the repository.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if errors are encountered.

config

show combined config settings from all hgrc files:

hg config [-u] [NAME]...

With no arguments, print names and values of all config items.

With one argument of the form section.name, print just the value of that config item.

With multiple arguments, print names and values of all config items with matching section names or section.names.

With --edit, start an editor on the user-level config file. With --global, edit the system-wide config file. With --local, edit the repository-level config file.

With --debug, the source (filename and line number) is printed for each config item.

See hg help config for more information about config files.

Returns 0 on success, 1 if NAME does not exist.

Options:

help

show help for a given topic or a help overview:

hg help [-eck] [-s PLATFORM] [TOPIC]

With no arguments, print a list of commands with short help messages.

Given a topic, extension, or command name, print help for that topic.

Returns 0 if successful.

Options:

[+] marked option can be specified multiple times

version

output version and copyright information:

hg version

Options:

/annotate/{revision}/{path}

Show changeset information for each line in a file.

The ignorews, ignorewsamount, ignorewseol, and ignoreblanklines query string arguments have the same meaning as their [annotate] config equivalents. It uses the hgrc boolean parsing logic to interpret the value. e.g. 0 and false are false and 1 and true are true. If not defined, the server default settings are used.

The fileannotate template is rendered.

/archive/{revision}.{format}[/{path}]

Obtain an archive of repository content.

The content and type of the archive is defined by a URL path parameter. format is the file extension of the archive type to be generated. e.g. zip or tar.bz2. Not all archive types may be allowed by your server configuration.

The optional path URL parameter controls content to include in the archive. If omitted, every file in the specified revision is present in the archive. If included, only the specified file or contents of the specified directory will be included in the archive.

No template is used for this handler. Raw, binary content is generated.

/bookmarks

Show information about bookmarks.

No arguments are accepted.

The bookmarks template is rendered.

/branches

Show information about branches.

All known branches are contained in the output, even closed branches.

No arguments are accepted.

The branches template is rendered.

/changelog[/{revision}]

Show information about multiple changesets.

If the optional revision URL argument is absent, information about all changesets starting at tip will be rendered. If the revision argument is present, changesets will be shown starting from the specified revision.

If revision is absent, the rev query string argument may be defined. This will perform a search for changesets.

The argument for rev can be a single revision, a revision set, or a literal keyword to search for in changeset data (equivalent to hg log -k).

The revcount query string argument defines the maximum numbers of changesets to render.

For non-searches, the changelog template will be rendered.

/changeset[/{revision}]

Show information about a single changeset.

A URL path argument is the changeset identifier to show. See hg help revisions for possible values. If not defined, the tip changeset will be shown.

The changeset template is rendered. Contents of the changesettag, changesetbookmark, filenodelink, filenolink, and the many templates related to diffs may all be used to produce the output.

/comparison/{revision}/{path}

Show a comparison between the old and new versions of a file from changes made on a particular revision.

This is similar to the diff handler. However, this form features a split or side-by-side diff rather than a unified diff.

The context query string argument can be used to control the lines of context in the diff.

The filecomparison template is rendered.

/diff/{revision}/{path}

Show how a file changed in a particular commit.

The filediff template is rendered.

This handler is registered under both the /diff and /filediff paths. /diff is used in modern code.

/file/{revision}[/{path}]

Show information about a directory or file in the repository.

Info about the path given as a URL parameter will be rendered.

If path is a directory, information about the entries in that directory will be rendered. This form is equivalent to the manifest handler.

If path is a file, information about that file will be shown via the filerevision template.

If path is not defined, information about the root directory will be rendered.

/diff/{revision}/{path}

Show how a file changed in a particular commit.

The filediff template is rendered.

This handler is registered under both the /diff and /filediff paths. /diff is used in modern code.

/filelog/{revision}/{path}

Show information about the history of a file in the repository.

The revcount query string argument can be defined to control the maximum number of entries to show.

The filelog template will be rendered.

/graph[/{revision}]

Show information about the graphical topology of the repository.

Information rendered by this handler can be used to create visual representations of repository topology.

The revision URL parameter controls the starting changeset. If it's absent, the default is tip.

The revcount query string argument can define the number of changesets to show information for.

The graphtop query string argument can specify the starting changeset for producing jsdata variable that is used for rendering graph in JavaScript. By default it has the same value as revision.

This handler will render the graph template.

/help[/{topic}]

Render help documentation.

This web command is roughly equivalent to hg help. If a topic is defined, that help topic will be rendered. If not, an index of available help topics will be rendered.

The help template will be rendered when requesting help for a topic. helptopics will be rendered for the index of help topics.

/log[/{revision}[/{path}]]

Show repository or file history.

For URLs of the form /log/{revision}, a list of changesets starting at the specified changeset identifier is shown. If {revision} is not defined, the default is tip. This form is equivalent to the changelog handler.

For URLs of the form /log/{revision}/{file}, the history for a specific file will be shown. This form is equivalent to the filelog handler.

/manifest[/{revision}[/{path}]]

Show information about a directory.

If the URL path arguments are omitted, information about the root directory for the tip changeset will be shown.

Because this handler can only show information for directories, it is recommended to use the file handler instead, as it can handle both directories and files.

The manifest template will be rendered for this handler.

/changeset[/{revision}]

Show information about a single changeset.

A URL path argument is the changeset identifier to show. See hg help revisions for possible values. If not defined, the tip changeset will be shown.

The changeset template is rendered. Contents of the changesettag, changesetbookmark, filenodelink, filenolink, and the many templates related to diffs may all be used to produce the output.

/shortlog

Show basic information about a set of changesets.

This accepts the same parameters as the changelog handler. The only difference is the shortlog template will be rendered instead of the changelog template.

/summary

Show a summary of repository state.

Information about the latest changesets, bookmarks, tags, and branches is captured by this handler.

The summary template is rendered.

/tags

Show information about tags.

No arguments are accepted.

The tags template is rendered.

Parsing Raw Command Output

Likely the simplest and most effective solution for consuming command output is to simply invoke hg commands as you would as a user and parse their output.

The output of many commands can easily be parsed with tools like grep, sed, and awk.

A potential downside with parsing command output is that the output of commands can change when Mercurial is upgraded. While Mercurial does generally strive for strong backwards compatibility, command output does occasionally change. Having tests for your automated interactions with hg commands is generally recommended, but is even more important when raw command output parsing is involved.

Using Templates to Control Output

Many hg commands support templatized output via the -T/--template argument. For more, see hg help templates.

Templates are useful for explicitly controlling output so that you get exactly the data you want formatted how you want it. For example, log -T {node}\n can be used to print a newline delimited list of changeset nodes instead of a human-tailored output containing authors, dates, descriptions, etc.

The -T/--template argument allows specifying pre-defined styles. Mercurial ships with the machine-readable styles json and xml, which provide JSON and XML output, respectively. These are useful for producing output that is machine readable as-is.

Command Server Output

If using the command server to interact with Mercurial, you are likely using an existing library/API that abstracts implementation details of the command server. If so, this interface layer may perform parsing for you, saving you the work of implementing it yourself.

Output Verbosity

Commands often have varying output verbosity, even when machine readable styles are being used (e.g. -T json). Adding -v/--verbose and --debug to the command's arguments can increase the amount of data exposed by Mercurial.

An alternate way to get the data you need is by explicitly specifying a template.