localtime - convert UNIX time into record or string using local time |
localtime - convert UNIX time into record or string using local time
localtime EXPR
localtime
Converts a time as returned by the time function to a 9-element list with the time analyzed for the local time zone. Typically used as follows:
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime(time);
All list elements are numeric, and come straight out of the C `struct
tm'. $sec
, $min
, and $hour
are the seconds, minutes, and hours
of the specified time.
$mday
is the day of the month, and $mon
is the month itself, in
the range 0..11
with 0 indicating January and 11 indicating December.
This makes it easy to get a month name from a list:
my @abbr = qw( Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ); print "$abbr[$mon] $mday"; # $mon=9, $mday=18 gives "Oct 18"
$year
is the number of years since 1900, not just the last two digits
of the year. That is, $year
is 123
in year 2023. The proper way
to get a complete 4-digit year is simply:
$year += 1900;
To get the last two digits of the year (e.g., '01' in 2001) do:
$year = sprintf("%02d", $year % 100);
$wday
is the day of the week, with 0 indicating Sunday and 3 indicating
Wednesday. $yday
is the day of the year, in the range 0..364
(or 0..365
in leap years.)
$isdst
is true if the specified time occurs during Daylight Saving
Time, false otherwise.
If EXPR is omitted, localtime()
uses the current time (localtime(time)
).
In scalar context, localtime()
returns the ctime(3)
value:
$now_string = localtime; # e.g., "Thu Oct 13 04:54:34 1994"
This scalar value is not locale dependent but is a Perl builtin. For GMT
instead of local time use the gmtime in the perlfunc manpage builtin. See also the
Time::Local
module (to convert the second, minutes, hours, ... back to
the integer value returned by time()), and the the POSIX manpage module's strftime(3)
and mktime(3)
functions.
To get somewhat similar but locale dependent date strings, set up your locale environment variables appropriately (please see the perllocale manpage) and try for example:
use POSIX qw(strftime); $now_string = strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime; # or for GMT formatted appropriately for your locale: $now_string = strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", gmtime;
Note that the %a
and %b
, the short forms of the day of the week
and the month of the year, may not necessarily be three characters wide.
See localtime in the perlport manpage for portability concerns.
localtime - convert UNIX time into record or string using local time |